Whether it’s poker, slot machines, lottery or sports betting, gambling is an activity in which individuals risk something of value (like money) for the chance to win something of greater value (like more money). The most common form of gambling involves placing a bet on a game of chance.
The understanding of the adverse consequences of gambling has undergone profound change over time. Historically, it was viewed as a vice and a moral blight. Today, it is regarded as a mental disorder and a treatable addiction. This change is comparable to the change in how we understand alcoholism and other addictions.
There is considerable consensus that gambling involves impulsivity. The literature on impulsivity suggests that a number of factors may contribute to the initiation and progression of gambling behavior: sensation-and novelty-seeking, arousal, negative emotionality, and lack of self-control.
Gambling is often used for coping reasons: to escape stress, relieve boredom, or to socialize with friends. It can also become a coping mechanism in the face of financial difficulties. However, it is important to remember that there are healthier and more effective ways to cope with unpleasant feelings and to manage boredom. For example, a person who is experiencing financial problems can try exercising, spending time with friends who do not gamble, or practicing relaxation techniques.
If you are concerned that a loved one has a gambling problem, learn about effective treatment options. Talk to them about these treatments and encourage them to seek help. If you are managing their finances, consider setting boundaries in how they use money and reviewing their bank and credit card statements regularly. You can also encourage them to join a peer support group, such as Gamblers Anonymous, which is modeled after Alcoholics Anonymous.